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There are many questions about how best to teach functions, for example why don't we teach codomains in HS and should we teach them at all. On Math.SX there are questions about the "right" name for this concept, such as this one and that one.

My question is different. Assuming that one is going to introduce functions as a special type of relation between two sets $A$ and $B$, with $A$ the domain (there aren't other words for that, are there?), what should we call $B$, from a pedagogical point of view?

There is no right answer here, but I do feel like people have strong opinions about this issue that are rooted in good pedagogical practice, which is after all why we're lurking on this site, right? So perhaps this question can serve as a good place to gather the 'range' of good pedagogical reasons for choice of terminology in this case. Discussions about how this is resolved (or if it's unnecessary) in non-Anglophone contexts are also welcome.

For what it's worth, because of the ambiguity in the meaning of the term my main feeling is, as a professor of mine once said, to leave the range to the cattle.

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    $\begingroup$ Domain is also called "source" in some circumstances, I think (but not native speaker so I might be confusing with French usage). $\endgroup$
    – Benoît Kloeckner
    Jan 16, 2016 at 10:24

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I think "codomain" is great. If $f: A \to B$, then I have only ever heard "the range of $f$" defined as the subset of the codomain $\{b \in B : \exists a \in A \textrm{ with } f(a) = b \}$. It is helpful to have names for these things, and I think these are pretty much standard in higher level mathematics.

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  • $\begingroup$ on page 14 of Munkres Topology he defines "range" and "image set" to mean what I would rather term "codomain" and "range". It is unfortunate. $\endgroup$
    – James S. Cook
    Jan 12, 2016 at 21:37
  • $\begingroup$ Perhaps Munkres is just wrong? $\endgroup$
    – Steven Gubkin
    Jan 12, 2016 at 21:38
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    $\begingroup$ @GeraldEdgar Mathematically, there is "nothing wrong" with any definition. I could write an elementary number theory book with the definitions of "prime" and "composite" interchanged from their usual definitions, and everything in the book could be mathematically correct. I would still call the definition "wrong" since it conflicts with the normal use of the words. Using range for codomain is not as horrible as this, but I still think it is a mistake. $\endgroup$
    – Steven Gubkin
    Jan 13, 2016 at 2:38
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    $\begingroup$ Maybe Munkres used terminology that was common in 1974. $\endgroup$
    – Gerald Edgar
    Jan 13, 2016 at 14:17
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    $\begingroup$ @GeraldEdgar Sure. If you feel strongly about this, I could just say "I don't think that is in common usage" instead of "wrong". $\endgroup$
    – Steven Gubkin
    Jan 13, 2016 at 14:28
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In French, the most common terminology in my experience is "ensemble de départ" ("starting set" or maybe "departure set") for the domain and "ensemble d'arrivée" ("ending set" or maybe "arrival set") for the codomain. Sometimes, especially in high school where it is a common exercize to determine for which values of the variable a given expression makes sense, a function might only be defined on a subset of its "ensemble de départ" which is then called "ensemble de définition". This is a little confusing when in university we tend to mean that a function is defined on its whole "ensemble de départ" (especially if physicist use the other definition).

As far as I know, "domain" is almost only used for the "ensemble de définition" of an unbounded operator on a linear space.

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