Permit me to echo @guest's emphasis on "business analysis."
Hardly "academic references," to quote the OP, but...
Here is a company,
Kepner-Tregoe, whose
focus is problem solving:
Problem solving is at the core of human evolution. It is the methods we use to understand what is happening in our environment, identify things we want to change and then figure out the things that need to be done to create the desired outcome. Problem solving is the source of all new inventions, social and cultural evolution, and the basis for market based economies. It is the basis for continuous improvement, communication and learning.
Another, CC/MIT
(MIT Office of Digital Learning):
Why is problem solving important? Good problem solving skills empower you not only in your personal life but are critical in your professional life. In the current fast-changing global economy, employers often identify everyday problem solving as crucial to the success of their organizations. For employees, problem solving can be used to develop practical and creative solutions, and to show independence and initiative to employers.
And a Huffpost article, The Importance of Problem-Solving,
by Ken Watanabe, who has emphasized problem-solving instead
of memorization:
It's important to realize that being a problem solver isn't just an ability; it's a whole mind-set, one that drives people to bring out the best in themselves and to shape the world in a positive way. Rather than accepting the status quo, true problem solvers are constantly trying to proactively shape their environment.